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The photovoltaic (PV) industry chain refers to the entire process from the manufacturing of solar PV cells to the construction and operation of PV power plants. It is comprised of four main stages: PV cell manufacturing, PV module manufacturing, PV system integration, and PV power plant construction & operation.
Stage 1: PV Cell Manufacturing
PV cells are the core components that convert solar energy into electricity, making this the first stage of the PV industry chain. The manufacturing of PV cells involves several processes, including silicon wafer production, cutting, cleaning, diffusion, etching, and metallization. Among these, silicon wafer production is the most crucial stage, as its quality and cost directly influence the development of the entire PV industry chain.
Stage 2: PV Module Manufacturing
PV modules are assemblies of multiple PV cells, serving as key components in converting solar energy into electricity. The main steps in PV module manufacturing include cell assembly, encapsulation, and testing. Encapsulation is the critical phase of this process, as the quality and cost of encapsulation directly affect the performance and lifespan of the PV modules.
Stage 3: PV System Integration
PV system integration involves combining PV modules, inverters, batteries, and other components into a complete photovoltaic power generation system. The integration process considers the layout of PV modules, selection of inverters, and storage solutions to ensure the system's performance and stability.
Stage 4: PV Power Plant Construction and Operation
The final stage in the PV industry chain is the construction and operation of PV power plants. This stage includes site selection, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of the power plant. Factors such as terrain, climate, and grid connection must be taken into account to ensure optimal power generation and economic efficiency of the PV power plant.
The four stages of the PV industry chain are interdependent and mutually reinforcing. The coordinated development of all stages is essential for the healthy growth of the PV industry.